Prasad came to the Food & Drug Administration in May, hoping to set high, evidence-based standards for new medicines. He didn't even last three months. The industry's power has never been clearer.
Alex, they let him go because he ok'd the Covid vaccine for babies, while Kennedy was on vacation. Honest or not, this is what you've built the last 5 years of your career on. Vaccine injuries. Babies don't need the vaccine.
I don't think this is why, from what I have read from John Mandrola, MD and Adam Cifu, MD, both close associates of Vinay's. Apparently RFK, Jr and Dr. Makary were vocally opposed to letting him go, and the direction came from the President. This is not 100% confirmed, and of course I could be mistaken, but it is from two sources that are close to Dr. Prasad, and now Alex says basically the same thing. Rick Santorum seems to have played a major role in this as well, and has $$$ ties to the company that makes the MD drug. I think we may hear directly from Dr. Prasad, who I have followed for several years, eventually. I have an enormous amount of respect for him, and am extremely saddened as well as disillusioned with this development.
“Vinay Prasad, as director of the FDA’s Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, approved Moderna’s Spikevax COVID-19 vaccine for children aged 6 months to 11 years, but only for those with at least one underlying condition that puts them at high risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes. This decision, announced on July 9, 2025, came with a narrower label than Moderna’s initial proposal, which sought approval for all children in that age range.”
This week Vinay Prasad stepped down from the FDA following Laura Loomer’s investigation.
I am going to hazard a guess that this was written to conflate two issues and make it sound as though one had something to do with the other. I do not think the two issues are intricately linked, although he may have angered Moderna by putting them in a position to have to do studies, which is what this ruling did, according to Marty Makary. To dismiss the vax totally out of hand would not have provided the leverage they desired to get them to run RCTs, Dr. Makary said, citing some rule that I cannot recall.
I think the direction came from the President and although we do not know many of the details, it is connected to pharma influence, Rick Santorum, and others with ties to pharma and the President's ear. While this looks horrible on many levels, as I have written to Alex, we may be careful in our statements, because more info may come out as time progresses. For now, I will stick with what Adam Cifu and John Mandrola say, Alex too, as I trust them and put much more stock in their opinions than many other writers, until proven otherwise.
I subscribe to his stack. I just checked. His last contribution was July 23rd. I shall keep tabs on it for his perspective on this. Hopefully he'll be brave enough to explain how this happened.
Dr. Prasad hasn’t kept his mouth shut in years. That is what is so infuriating about the Loomer and Santorum angle. If true, both of them shot the MAGA movement in the foot. Dr. Prasad was honest in his political views but, more importantly, he was honest in his scientific views. After the mendacity of the public health people, including supposed red state of Alabama, his honesty was much needed.
To me this story is about Lara Loomer. I was already pretty side eye about her (maybe it’s her rabidness or something else I can’t put my finger on, but I really don’t trust her), story validates my suspicions.
One thing you and Prasad agree on is that babies don't need the vaccine. He's been arguing for years that they're way over-prescribed and generally agrees with multiple European health agencies who have restricted them to older patients and those with significant comorbidities only. Trump meanwhile has been praising the miracle of Operation Warp Speed for political points during the same timeframe.
Loomer is trash and there is no cure for Muscular Dystrophy. If there is I would be the first to know because I was born with Muscular Dystrophy as were my 2 late brothers. I am lost for words about Vinny a great man.
The story of this drug is nearly identical to the new Alzheimer's drugs being pushed onto the market. They are effective in reducing the amyloid plaques in the brain that are allegedly the cause of the disease, yet show zero clinical benefit in resolving any symptoms. And they're known to cause brain swelling in many patients. Plus they're outrageously expensive. Yet the FDA greenlights them. We need to move past the amyloid plaque-as-cause theory, accept that it is a symptom, and focus on other causes (metabolic disorder, nutrition, etc.) and STOP funding these research studies and selling drugs that are based on flawed foundational science.
Even the "old" Alzheimer's drugs are completely useless. I don't know anyone who took meds like Aricept or Namenda whose condition improved or disease progression was delayed or stopped. Why are these drugs still on the market?!
My mom took Aricept briefly. It turned her into a zombie. Zero emotion, staring into space. We took her off. It wasn't worth it. We preferred to have her fully present (as much as she could be) over the very very slim possibility it might delay progression. She lived at least another 3 years and at least she wasn't stoned.
The amyloid plaques scandal refers to a major controversy in Alzheimer's disease research, centered around allegations of data manipulation and fraud in key studies that supported the amyloid hypothesis. This hypothesis posits that the accumulation of amyloid plaques in the brain is a primary cause of Alzheimer's disease.
A pivotal moment in the scandal came in 2006 with a study published in Nature by Sylvain Lesné and colleagues at the University of Minnesota, which identified a specific subtype of amyloid protein, Aβ56, as a potential cause of memory loss in rats.
However, in 2022, investigations revealed that images in this study—and others involving Aβ56—may have been manipulated to support the hypothesis.
This led to the retraction of the 2006 paper and others based on its findings.
The scandal has raised significant questions about the validity of decades of research and drug development efforts focused on amyloid plaques. For instance, the 2021 FDA approval of aducanumab, a drug designed to clear amyloid plaques, was controversial due to its limited effectiveness and potential side effects.
The retraction of key studies has further complicated the understanding of amyloid's role in Alzheimer's, with some researchers suggesting that amyloid may not be the sole or primary driver of the disease.
Despite the controversy, the amyloid hypothesis remains a significant area of research, with many scientists arguing that while the specific findings of the 2006 study may be flawed, the broader role of amyloid in Alzheimer's disease is still supported by a vast body of evidence.
The scandal has also prompted a reevaluation of the scientific process, emphasizing the need for rigorous peer review and transparency in research.
The ongoing debate highlights the complexity of Alzheimer's disease and the challenges of developing effective treatments, as researchers continue to explore multiple avenues beyond the amyloid hypothesis.
Please check out the work done by Dr. Dale Bredesen whose work is based on the concept that Alz is like a leaky roof with 32 holes. Drugs try to address one hole. His work brings hope that Alzheimer's is not only preventable, but reversible if caught early. Books The End of Alzheimer's and The End of Alzheimer's Program. Also see The First Survivors of Alzheimer's.
Thank you for this reporting. Im extremely disappointed. I've been following Prasad on his YouTube channel for years. I was excited that he was going to bing science back to the FDA.
You say: the (mRNA) shots were also moved forward based on rushed trials — at great profit to Pfizer and Moderna. We still have no idea how safe they are. And at this point we probably never will.
Me: we know how unsafe we are. We have seen the damning evidence before our very eyes: heart attacks, clots, strokes, Sudden Adult Death Syndrome (SADS). The list goes on.
I just read "No More Tears". If you haven't done so, check it out. Pharma and Laura Loomer, and apparently there was another politician involved, just made us all distrust them even more. If that's even possible. Dr. Prasad was giving me HOPE. Unreal. So disgusted.
The WSJ is celebrating this scalp in their editorial pages with the typical set of lies and misinformation. The WSJ has a paid hit piece at least once a week on RFK Jr and the work he is attempting to accomplish at HHS.
If just one more kid gets this drug and has liver failure or dies, that company should be sued into oblivion. And I mean oblivion. And I guarantee you, every personal injury lawyer in the USA will be competing for the chance to represent that client.
This is a complete joke - it is embarrassing to all of us out here who are trying to do the right thing.
Can someone explain the connection between Loomer and Big Pharma? She seems like such a crackpot and contrarian that she would more likely not support these big companies.
A simple explanation is that she's a pundit who commands the attention of a large share of Trump's most devoted base, and flatters them. So whoever she turns on for whatever cockamamie reason becomes a target for Trump too.
Is there any smoking gun between Loomer's hit piece and incentives from Big Pharma? Others in the FDA? Others in the Administration? You make the connection, but don't assign motive for her attack of Dr. Vinay, and you state that his resignation was due to industry power, yet you don't show any hard data to back that up. I find it hard to believe that he resigned due to pressure from a blogger and a WSJ piece. Others within the Administration have endured much greater criticism and haven't resigned. Makes me wonder if there were other pressures brought to bear against him.
Loomer was attacking him for being a fierce democrat; pharma was attacking him for requiring proof that million dollar drugs work; WSJ was attacking him for slowing the approval process for all drugs - they think all drugs should be approved quickly w/o adequate testing because maybe some will save lives.
I don’t understand loomer’s power and influence everywhere. Anyone? As to this story, it’s all very confusing as good people are writing convincing explanations on both sides. Personally I have two issues that I think would help: right to try and end all drug advertising everywhere. One other, remove the regs the Biden gang imposed on the holistic homeopathic practitioners and products. I discovered homeopathy a few years ago and she did more for me than all the doctors I ever knew.
The Wall Street Journal says the opposite of what you are saying. After your New York Times Gaza debacle I suggest that you research this matter further. I am no longer prepared to take your word for it.
You may want to read John Mandrola, MD's post as well as Adam Cifu's post. They basically echo what Alex is saying, albeit in a different way, and are very close associates of Dr. Prasad's. I would trust both of them over the WSJ every day. I have very little trust in the WSJ. It is good to do your own research, and each of us must come up with our own conclusions based on our sources.
Who knows who to believe anymore? It does seem like there may have been a serious problem with this drug, and that Prasad seems to have been targeted almost immediately after withdrawing approval for it.
If you're referring to the WSJ news division, it's run by folks well to the left of Alex, for crying out loud, and you ought to be the one (like all of us) researching their reporting further.
This infuriates me. People like Prasad, as well as our Unreported Truths host, kept me sane during Covid. Dr. Prasad may be wrong about Bernie Sanders or socialized medicine but he is right about a lot of other issues. I've been following him for 4+ years. Anyone who follows his work knows he does not want blanket approval for the covid vax for all people and he doesn't want it mandated. His resignation is a loss. We need more pot-stirrers in government positions. If anyone needs to go it's Loomer. She disgusts me. I can't understand why she still has any traction.
I have questions--if Loomers postings were truth and yours are also truth then what--It concerns me more than all else that this one guy would hold so much power--for a single person to control so much of my health concerns--too easily bought off when all in one cup IMO--and if he hates Trump as his public postings show this is not a place for him---Add to this the approval of all these vaccines including the virus for babies, builds my lack of trust--Drs don't question what the drug companies say Dr don't actually know their patients any longer but belong to the insurance numbers Dr don't inform their patients that they get a kickback from those same companies for the drugs they prescribe--No PSA telling humans that their health care no longer belongs to them and their dr--NOW--it is between dr and insurance and insurance and drug companies. It is never about what's best for the patient. Add that one person has all the power that clearly hates Trump and MAHA policies--he should have never been hired or retained since clearly, he isn't unbiased when he makes statements or decisions
"and if he hates Trump as his public postings show this is not a place for him" - "hatED" might be a better way to frame it. I have watched Prasad's youtube videos for years and had no clue that he "hates" Trump. In fact he was VERY critical of Biden with regard to vaccines and covid policy. He is EXTREMELY focused on scientific rigor and quality research to determine vaccine policy. Maybe he did hate Trump pre-covid, but my intuition, based on his honesty and willingness to buck politically motivated science, is that he was gaining a growing respect for Trump. Too bad so many Trump supporters were just willing follow Loomer's support of Big Pharma without doing their own research.
I've followed Prasad since the early days of COVID and while I don't agree with him on everything, he is smart, reasonable, and clear and I trust his analysis of medical issues. He is a great guy and I was thrilled he was appointed, and Loomer is a witch. She will tear down people for no reason except to tear them down without any thought as to how it might impact the larger conservative agenda. And Prasad rarely talks politics -- at the beginning, he said he was a liberal Democrat and had been for years, but he's not "partisan" in the sense that Democrats are always right and Republicans are always wrong. He has a lot of common sense and during COVID came to side more with conservatives and Libertarians against government overreach on vaccines, masks, school closures.He questions Big Pharma, and he believes individuals should have the most say in their medical decisions.
"one guy would hold so much power" - umm, that's the point of his office - so that one guy can stop a pharma company from experimenting on our loved ones.
Alex, they let him go because he ok'd the Covid vaccine for babies, while Kennedy was on vacation. Honest or not, this is what you've built the last 5 years of your career on. Vaccine injuries. Babies don't need the vaccine.
I don't think this is why, from what I have read from John Mandrola, MD and Adam Cifu, MD, both close associates of Vinay's. Apparently RFK, Jr and Dr. Makary were vocally opposed to letting him go, and the direction came from the President. This is not 100% confirmed, and of course I could be mistaken, but it is from two sources that are close to Dr. Prasad, and now Alex says basically the same thing. Rick Santorum seems to have played a major role in this as well, and has $$$ ties to the company that makes the MD drug. I think we may hear directly from Dr. Prasad, who I have followed for several years, eventually. I have an enormous amount of respect for him, and am extremely saddened as well as disillusioned with this development.
Could be. This is what I read.
“Vinay Prasad, as director of the FDA’s Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, approved Moderna’s Spikevax COVID-19 vaccine for children aged 6 months to 11 years, but only for those with at least one underlying condition that puts them at high risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes. This decision, announced on July 9, 2025, came with a narrower label than Moderna’s initial proposal, which sought approval for all children in that age range.”
This week Vinay Prasad stepped down from the FDA following Laura Loomer’s investigation.
I am going to hazard a guess that this was written to conflate two issues and make it sound as though one had something to do with the other. I do not think the two issues are intricately linked, although he may have angered Moderna by putting them in a position to have to do studies, which is what this ruling did, according to Marty Makary. To dismiss the vax totally out of hand would not have provided the leverage they desired to get them to run RCTs, Dr. Makary said, citing some rule that I cannot recall.
I think the direction came from the President and although we do not know many of the details, it is connected to pharma influence, Rick Santorum, and others with ties to pharma and the President's ear. While this looks horrible on many levels, as I have written to Alex, we may be careful in our statements, because more info may come out as time progresses. For now, I will stick with what Adam Cifu and John Mandrola say, Alex too, as I trust them and put much more stock in their opinions than many other writers, until proven otherwise.
I subscribe to his stack. I just checked. His last contribution was July 23rd. I shall keep tabs on it for his perspective on this. Hopefully he'll be brave enough to explain how this happened.
He should have kept him mouth shut.
Dr. Prasad hasn’t kept his mouth shut in years. That is what is so infuriating about the Loomer and Santorum angle. If true, both of them shot the MAGA movement in the foot. Dr. Prasad was honest in his political views but, more importantly, he was honest in his scientific views. After the mendacity of the public health people, including supposed red state of Alabama, his honesty was much needed.
To me this story is about Lara Loomer. I was already pretty side eye about her (maybe it’s her rabidness or something else I can’t put my finger on, but I really don’t trust her), story validates my suspicions.
Agreed. I can't stand her. She has a Grimma Wormtongue feel to her.
Grima. Tolkien would be appalled at my typo :D
😂
Babies don't need ANY vaccines.
1,000% agree — we have plenty of data showing vaccines are what’s driving sudden infant death syndrome: https://unorthodoxy.substack.com/p/how-sids-became-the-perfect-cover
I thought he was the one who decided to STOP recommending routine vaccination for children?
I don't believe it was Prasad who was responsible for that decision.
One thing you and Prasad agree on is that babies don't need the vaccine. He's been arguing for years that they're way over-prescribed and generally agrees with multiple European health agencies who have restricted them to older patients and those with significant comorbidities only. Trump meanwhile has been praising the miracle of Operation Warp Speed for political points during the same timeframe.
That was some woman. She was fired for that.
Heather Flick Melanson, the chief of staff, actually quit. Originally it said she was fired. She didn't get fired.
Ahhh. Thank you.
Loomer is trash and there is no cure for Muscular Dystrophy. If there is I would be the first to know because I was born with Muscular Dystrophy as were my 2 late brothers. I am lost for words about Vinny a great man.
The story of this drug is nearly identical to the new Alzheimer's drugs being pushed onto the market. They are effective in reducing the amyloid plaques in the brain that are allegedly the cause of the disease, yet show zero clinical benefit in resolving any symptoms. And they're known to cause brain swelling in many patients. Plus they're outrageously expensive. Yet the FDA greenlights them. We need to move past the amyloid plaque-as-cause theory, accept that it is a symptom, and focus on other causes (metabolic disorder, nutrition, etc.) and STOP funding these research studies and selling drugs that are based on flawed foundational science.
Even the "old" Alzheimer's drugs are completely useless. I don't know anyone who took meds like Aricept or Namenda whose condition improved or disease progression was delayed or stopped. Why are these drugs still on the market?!
My mom took Aricept briefly. It turned her into a zombie. Zero emotion, staring into space. We took her off. It wasn't worth it. We preferred to have her fully present (as much as she could be) over the very very slim possibility it might delay progression. She lived at least another 3 years and at least she wasn't stoned.
Plus... Amyloid Plaques Controversy. AI-generated answer. Please verify critical facts...
The amyloid plaques scandal refers to a major controversy in Alzheimer's disease research, centered around allegations of data manipulation and fraud in key studies that supported the amyloid hypothesis. This hypothesis posits that the accumulation of amyloid plaques in the brain is a primary cause of Alzheimer's disease.
A pivotal moment in the scandal came in 2006 with a study published in Nature by Sylvain Lesné and colleagues at the University of Minnesota, which identified a specific subtype of amyloid protein, Aβ56, as a potential cause of memory loss in rats.
However, in 2022, investigations revealed that images in this study—and others involving Aβ56—may have been manipulated to support the hypothesis.
This led to the retraction of the 2006 paper and others based on its findings.
The scandal has raised significant questions about the validity of decades of research and drug development efforts focused on amyloid plaques. For instance, the 2021 FDA approval of aducanumab, a drug designed to clear amyloid plaques, was controversial due to its limited effectiveness and potential side effects.
The retraction of key studies has further complicated the understanding of amyloid's role in Alzheimer's, with some researchers suggesting that amyloid may not be the sole or primary driver of the disease.
Despite the controversy, the amyloid hypothesis remains a significant area of research, with many scientists arguing that while the specific findings of the 2006 study may be flawed, the broader role of amyloid in Alzheimer's disease is still supported by a vast body of evidence.
The scandal has also prompted a reevaluation of the scientific process, emphasizing the need for rigorous peer review and transparency in research.
The ongoing debate highlights the complexity of Alzheimer's disease and the challenges of developing effective treatments, as researchers continue to explore multiple avenues beyond the amyloid hypothesis.
Please check out the work done by Dr. Dale Bredesen whose work is based on the concept that Alz is like a leaky roof with 32 holes. Drugs try to address one hole. His work brings hope that Alzheimer's is not only preventable, but reversible if caught early. Books The End of Alzheimer's and The End of Alzheimer's Program. Also see The First Survivors of Alzheimer's.
Thank you for this reporting. Im extremely disappointed. I've been following Prasad on his YouTube channel for years. I was excited that he was going to bing science back to the FDA.
You say: the (mRNA) shots were also moved forward based on rushed trials — at great profit to Pfizer and Moderna. We still have no idea how safe they are. And at this point we probably never will.
Me: we know how unsafe we are. We have seen the damning evidence before our very eyes: heart attacks, clots, strokes, Sudden Adult Death Syndrome (SADS). The list goes on.
I just read "No More Tears". If you haven't done so, check it out. Pharma and Laura Loomer, and apparently there was another politician involved, just made us all distrust them even more. If that's even possible. Dr. Prasad was giving me HOPE. Unreal. So disgusted.
The WSJ is celebrating this scalp in their editorial pages with the typical set of lies and misinformation. The WSJ has a paid hit piece at least once a week on RFK Jr and the work he is attempting to accomplish at HHS.
As far as Sarepta goes.....
If just one more kid gets this drug and has liver failure or dies, that company should be sued into oblivion. And I mean oblivion. And I guarantee you, every personal injury lawyer in the USA will be competing for the chance to represent that client.
This is a complete joke - it is embarrassing to all of us out here who are trying to do the right thing.
Vinay resigned!?!?
This is very sad news… 😞
Can someone explain the connection between Loomer and Big Pharma? She seems like such a crackpot and contrarian that she would more likely not support these big companies.
I would also like to know more about Loomer. She seems to be everywhere.
She also appears to have some kind of unexplained influence on things that seems odd.
A simple explanation is that she's a pundit who commands the attention of a large share of Trump's most devoted base, and flatters them. So whoever she turns on for whatever cockamamie reason becomes a target for Trump too.
Is there any smoking gun between Loomer's hit piece and incentives from Big Pharma? Others in the FDA? Others in the Administration? You make the connection, but don't assign motive for her attack of Dr. Vinay, and you state that his resignation was due to industry power, yet you don't show any hard data to back that up. I find it hard to believe that he resigned due to pressure from a blogger and a WSJ piece. Others within the Administration have endured much greater criticism and haven't resigned. Makes me wonder if there were other pressures brought to bear against him.
All good questions/ points.
Loomer was attacking him for being a fierce democrat; pharma was attacking him for requiring proof that million dollar drugs work; WSJ was attacking him for slowing the approval process for all drugs - they think all drugs should be approved quickly w/o adequate testing because maybe some will save lives.
Great points, I agree.
I don’t understand loomer’s power and influence everywhere. Anyone? As to this story, it’s all very confusing as good people are writing convincing explanations on both sides. Personally I have two issues that I think would help: right to try and end all drug advertising everywhere. One other, remove the regs the Biden gang imposed on the holistic homeopathic practitioners and products. I discovered homeopathy a few years ago and she did more for me than all the doctors I ever knew.
The Wall Street Journal says the opposite of what you are saying. After your New York Times Gaza debacle I suggest that you research this matter further. I am no longer prepared to take your word for it.
You may want to read John Mandrola, MD's post as well as Adam Cifu's post. They basically echo what Alex is saying, albeit in a different way, and are very close associates of Dr. Prasad's. I would trust both of them over the WSJ every day. I have very little trust in the WSJ. It is good to do your own research, and each of us must come up with our own conclusions based on our sources.
Who knows who to believe anymore? It does seem like there may have been a serious problem with this drug, and that Prasad seems to have been targeted almost immediately after withdrawing approval for it.
If you're referring to the WSJ news division, it's run by folks well to the left of Alex, for crying out loud, and you ought to be the one (like all of us) researching their reporting further.
This infuriates me. People like Prasad, as well as our Unreported Truths host, kept me sane during Covid. Dr. Prasad may be wrong about Bernie Sanders or socialized medicine but he is right about a lot of other issues. I've been following him for 4+ years. Anyone who follows his work knows he does not want blanket approval for the covid vax for all people and he doesn't want it mandated. His resignation is a loss. We need more pot-stirrers in government positions. If anyone needs to go it's Loomer. She disgusts me. I can't understand why she still has any traction.
I have questions--if Loomers postings were truth and yours are also truth then what--It concerns me more than all else that this one guy would hold so much power--for a single person to control so much of my health concerns--too easily bought off when all in one cup IMO--and if he hates Trump as his public postings show this is not a place for him---Add to this the approval of all these vaccines including the virus for babies, builds my lack of trust--Drs don't question what the drug companies say Dr don't actually know their patients any longer but belong to the insurance numbers Dr don't inform their patients that they get a kickback from those same companies for the drugs they prescribe--No PSA telling humans that their health care no longer belongs to them and their dr--NOW--it is between dr and insurance and insurance and drug companies. It is never about what's best for the patient. Add that one person has all the power that clearly hates Trump and MAHA policies--he should have never been hired or retained since clearly, he isn't unbiased when he makes statements or decisions
"and if he hates Trump as his public postings show this is not a place for him" - "hatED" might be a better way to frame it. I have watched Prasad's youtube videos for years and had no clue that he "hates" Trump. In fact he was VERY critical of Biden with regard to vaccines and covid policy. He is EXTREMELY focused on scientific rigor and quality research to determine vaccine policy. Maybe he did hate Trump pre-covid, but my intuition, based on his honesty and willingness to buck politically motivated science, is that he was gaining a growing respect for Trump. Too bad so many Trump supporters were just willing follow Loomer's support of Big Pharma without doing their own research.
I've followed Prasad since the early days of COVID and while I don't agree with him on everything, he is smart, reasonable, and clear and I trust his analysis of medical issues. He is a great guy and I was thrilled he was appointed, and Loomer is a witch. She will tear down people for no reason except to tear them down without any thought as to how it might impact the larger conservative agenda. And Prasad rarely talks politics -- at the beginning, he said he was a liberal Democrat and had been for years, but he's not "partisan" in the sense that Democrats are always right and Republicans are always wrong. He has a lot of common sense and during COVID came to side more with conservatives and Libertarians against government overreach on vaccines, masks, school closures.He questions Big Pharma, and he believes individuals should have the most say in their medical decisions.
"one guy would hold so much power" - umm, that's the point of his office - so that one guy can stop a pharma company from experimenting on our loved ones.
On a lighter note Alex said Vinay needed hair gel! 😂😂😂😂